Types of ship 船舶类型
1、classify [‘klæsifai] vt. 分类; 归类 be classified as 分成（为）……类 2、carry [‘kæri] vt. & vi. 运送, 搬运,携带
carry on 继续进行
carry out 贯彻，执行
3、design [di‘zain] vt. & vi. 设计, 绘制 4、passenger [‘pæsindʒə] n. 乘客, 旅客 passenger ship 客轮
5、special [‘speʃəl] adj. 特殊的, 特别的 6、shipping [‘ʃipiŋ] n. (货物的)运输, 运送7、liquid [‘likwid] n. 液体 adj. 液体的, 、multi-purpose [mʌlti‘pə:pəs] adj. 多用途的 9、vessel [‘vesəl] n. 船, 舰 multi-purpose vessle 多用途船 10、bulk [bʌlk] n. 散装 bulk vessel 散货船
11、carrier [‘kæriə] n. 运输船, 承运人 12、container [kən‘teinə] n. 容器 集装箱 container ship 集装箱船
13、refrigerated [ri‘fridʒəreitid] adj. 冷藏的
refrigerated ship 冷藏船 14、tanker [‘tæŋkə] n. 液货船, 油轮 15、liquefied [‘likwifaid ] adj. 液化的 16、natural [‘nætʃərəl] adj. 天然的 liquefied natural gas carrier （LNG） 液化天然气船
17、chemical [‘kemikəl] adj. 化学的 Liquefied Chemical Gas carri（LCG）
液化化学品船
18、liner [‘lainə] n. 班轮; 班机 19、tramp [træmp] n. 不定期船 19、cruiser [‘kru:zə] n. 大型旅游船 20、ferry [‘feri] n. 渡船 21、tug [tʌɡ] n. 拖轮
ocean-going tug 远洋拖轮
coastal tug 沿海拖轮
22、barge [bɑ:dʒ] n. 驳船 oil barge 油驳
23、pilot [‘pailət] n.引航；引航员 pilot boat 引航艇 24、port [pɔ:t] n. 港口, 商港
25、channel [‘tʃænl] n. 海峡 通道; 水沟, 水渠
26、operate [‘ɔpəreit] vt. & vi. 管理 ; 操作
operate on diesel oil 用柴油启动 27、sail [seil] vi. 起航, 开船；航行 sail for 开往（bound for） sail from…to… 从……开往…… 28、regular [ ‘reɡjulə] adj. 有规律的, 定期的 regular interval 定期
29、route [ru:t] n. 路, 路途, 路线, 路程 30、fix [fiks] vt. 固定；确定
fix one’s attention on 集中注意力 31、standard [‘stændəd] n. 标准, 规范 32、dimension [di‘menʃən] n. 尺寸
33、hold [həuld] n. 货舱 cargo hold 货舱 34、deck [ dek] n. 甲板
35、traditional [trə‘diʃənl] adj. 传统的 36、quantity [‘kwɔntiti] n. 数目, 数量 37、loose [lu:s] adj. 松的, 宽松的 38、iron-ore [‘aiən ‘ɔ:] n. 铁矿石 39、etc. [‘et‘setərə] adv. 〈拉〉等等 40、tween [‘twi:n] prep. 在…之间; 在…之中 tween deck 二层甲板
41、vehicle [‘vi:ikl] n. 交通工具, 车辆 42、bow [bəu] n. 船首 43、stern [stə:n] n. 船尾
44、 chilled [tʃild] adj. 冷冻的；冷藏的 45、alongside [ə‘lɔŋ‘said] adv. 在旁边 get alongside 靠岸 46、wharf [wɔ:f] n. 码头; 停泊处 47、board [bɔ:d] n. 板；船侧 on board 在船上
48、harbour [‘hɑ:bə] n. 海港, 港口 49、launch [lɔ:ntʃ] vt. 使(船)下水; 发射 launch out 出航 50、engine [‘endʒin] n. 发动机, 引擎 51、tow [təu] vt. 拖, 拉, 拽 52、anchor [‘æŋkə] n. 锚 vt. 抛锚 53、foghorn [‘fɔɡ‘hɔ:n] n. 雾号 54、beacon [‘bi:kən] n. 灯标，信号标 55、 power driven vessel [‘drivən] 机动船 56、 Liquefied Petroleum Gas carrier [pi‘trəuliəm] （LPG）液化石油气船
57、 very large crude carrier [kru:d] (VLCC)大型油轮
58、timber carrier [‘timbə] 木材船 59、 garbage boat [‘ɡɑ:bidʒ] 垃圾船 60、rescue boat [‘reskju:] 救助船 61、patrol boat [pə‘trəul] 巡逻船 62、surveying vessel [sə‘veiiŋ] 水道测量船 63、dredger [‘dredʒə] 挖泥船
64、ice-breaker [‘ais‘breikə] 破冰船 65、yacht [jɔt] 游艇
66、warship [‘wɔ:ʃip] 军舰, 战舰
key sentences
Ships can be classified according to what they carry.
船舶可以根据它们所载的货物进行分类。
according to 根据
Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types.
货船可以分成两种基本类型。
be divided into 被分成……
One type carries dry cargo, the other carries
liquid
cargo.
一类运载干货，另一类运载液货。
one…the other… 一个……另一个…… dry cargo 干货 liquid cargo 液货
Ships can operate as liners and tramps. 有些船舶还可以作为班轮和不定期船使用。
operate as = be worked as
Liners sail on regular routes and keep to a fixed timetable.
班轮按照既定的时间表形式行驶在固定的航线上。
regular route 固定航线 a fixed timetable 固定时间表
Tramps run in all parts of the world where there is cargo for them to carry.
不定期船运营于世界各地，哪儿有货就到哪儿。
The most modern type of dry cargo carrier is the container ship. They carry containers of standard dimensions either in the holds or on deck.
最现代化的干货船是集装箱船。它们将标准尺寸的集装箱装载在货舱内或是甲板上。
General cargo ships are traditional dry cargo carriers. They can carry almost all kinds of cargo.
杂货船是传统型的干货船。它们几乎能运载所有类型的货物。
Bulk carriers carry large quantities of loose cargo. They do not have tween decks and their holds are much larger.
散货船运载大量的松散货。它们没有二层甲板，货舱比较大。
Ro-Ro ships have doors at the bow and stern.
滚装船首尾都有门。
Refrigerated ships carry frozen or chilled cargoes. Their speed is often fast.
冷藏船可以运载冷藏或冷冻的货物。它们的速度通常很快。
The largest type of cargo ship is the tanker.
最大型的货船是液货船。
Oil tanker are the most common type of liquid cargo carriers.
油轮是最普通的液货船。
The traditional passenger ship is the passenger liner.
传统的客轮是客班轮。
The most common type of passenger vessel is the ferry。
最普通的客轮是渡轮。
Light ship don’t have engines. They are towed into position and then anchored there.
灯船没有主机。它们要被拖带到指定位置并在那儿抛锚。
1、The merchants ships can be designed as .
A. cargo ships and passenger ships B. dry cargo ships and liquid cargo ships C. cargo ships and oil tankers D. cargo ships and container ships
2、Which of the following are not dry cargo ships
A. Multi-deck vessels and bulk carriers
B. Container ships and refrigerated ships C. LNG carrier D. General cargo ship
3、 The most common type of liquid cargo carrier is .
A. the LNG carrier B. the oil tanker C. the chemical tanker D. the LPG carrier
4、 do not have tweendecks. Their holds are much wider. They carry cargo in bulk.
A. Bulk carriers B. General cargo ships C. Multi-purpose ships D. Timber carriers
5、The ship carries non-packed cargo or unprotected cargo, such as coal, ore or grain. It is called a .
A. general cargo ship B. container ship C. bulk carrier D. oil tanker
6、Bulk carriers carry large quantities of loose cargo, therefore they have .
A. more than one tween deck B. large holds C. a lot of decks D. many holds
LESSON 2
Deck department 甲板部门 1、 crew [kru:] n. 全体船员 crew members 船员 2、master [‘mɑ:stə] n. 船长
3、political [pə‘litikəl] commissar[‘kɔmi,sɑ:]
4、assistant [ə‘sistənt] officer 驾助 5、apprentice [ə‘prentis] officer 实习驾驶员 6、cadet [kə‘det] n. 实习生；学员 7、purser [‘pəsə] n. 事务长 8、surgeon [‘sə:dʒən] n. 外科医生 9、boatswain [‘bəut‘swein] n. 水手长 bosun [‘bəusn]
10、 carpenter [‘kɑ:pintə] n. 木工, 木匠 11、quartermaster[‘kwɔ:rtə,mɑ:stə] n.舵工 12、helmsman [‘helmzmən] n. 舵工 13、coxswain [‘kɔkswein] n. 艇长 14、engineer [,endʒi‘niə] n.轮机员 15、 department [di‘pɑ:tmənt]n. 部, 部门 16、discharge [dis‘tʃɑ:dʒ] v. 卸载；排放 同义词：unload
discharge outlet 排水口
17、load [ləud] v. 装载 load line 载重线
safe working load（SWL）
安全工作负荷量
18、maintain [mein‘tein] v. 维护；保养 同义词：keep 维持
19、seamanship [‘si:mən‘ʃip] n. 船艺
good seamanship 良好的船艺
20、appropriate [ə‘prəʊpriət] adj. 适当的 be appropriate to/for
21、 besides [bi‘saidz] prep. 除…之外(还有) 同义词：in addition to
近义词：except/apart from 排除在
22、depend [di‘pend] vi. 依靠, 依赖 depend on(upon) 依靠
It(That) depend! 看情况而定
23、 tonnage [‘tʌnidʒ] n. 吨位 gross tonnage 总吨位
net tonnage 净吨位 deadweight tonnage 载重吨位
24、responsible [ri‘spɔnsəbl] adj. 有责任的 be responsible for sth. 对某事负责
be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
25、navigation [,nævi‘geiʃən] n. 航行 navigate [‘nævigeit] vt. & vi. 航行
navigator [‘nævigeitə] n. 航海者
26、legal [‘liɡəl] adj. 合法的；法定的 27、handle [‘hændl] v. 处理 n. 手柄 同义词：deal with 处理 28、merchant [‘mə:tʃənt] ship 商船 29、 overall [‘əuvərɔ:l] adj. 总体的; 全面的
overalls n. 工作服 30、acquaint [ə‘kweint] v. 熟悉 be acquainted with 熟悉
= be familiar with / familiarize with
31、perform [pə‘fɔ:m] v. 执行；履行 performance [pə‘fɔ:məns] n. 32、represent [,repri‘zent] v. 代表 representative [,repri‘zentətiv] n. 33、adverse [‘ædvə:s] weather 恶劣天气 34、stretch [stretʃ] v. 有弹性；拉紧 n. 拉紧的状态；弹力 35、emergency [I‘mə:dʒənsi] n. 紧急状况 on emergency
36、responsibility [ri,spɔnsə‘biliti] n. 责任
37、closely [‘kləʊsli] adv. 严密地；仔细地
38、command [kə‘mɑ:nd] v. 指挥；n. 命令 take command of 指挥
under sb.’s command 在某人的指挥下 39、although [ɔ:l‘ðəu] conj. 尽管 40、stand watch 值班
类似的表达方式还有： keep watch；
be on watch
officer on watch （OOW）值班驾驶员
41、stowage [stəuidʒ] n. 积载, 装载 stow [stəu] vt. 装, 装载
stowage plan 积载图
42、thorough [‘θʌrə] adj. 彻底的
thoroughly [‘θʌrəli] adv. 彻底地 thorough clean = clean thoroughly 43、celestial [sə‘lestʃəl] adj. 天的, 天空的
celestial body 天体
44、fix [fiks] v. 定位；固定
fix one’s attention to 集中注意力于……
fix ship’s position 确定船位 running fix 移线定位
45、assume [ə‘sju:m] v. 假设
assumption [ə‘sʌmpʃən] n. 假设
make assumption 做假设
46、supervise [‘sju:pəvaiz] v. 监督；管理 supervision [,sju:pə‘viʒən] n. 监督 under the supervision of 在……的监督下 47、possess [pə‘zes] v. 拥有；具有 48、quality [‘kwɔliti] n. 质量
49、leadership [‘li:dəʃip] n. 领导；领导权
50、in the event of 万一；如果……发生 51、inability [,inə‘biliti:] n. 无能 52、junior [‘dʒu:njə] adj. 地位较低的 反义词：senior [‘si:njə] 地位高的 53、assist [ə‘sist] vt. & vi. 帮助, 促进 assist sb. to do/ in doing sth.
帮助某人做某事
54、training [‘treiniŋ] n. 训练；培训 training manual 培训手册 55、purpose [‘pə:pəs] n. 目的; 意图;用途 on purpose 故意
56、consist of 由……组成（使用主动形式） 57、be made up of 由……组成（只有被动形式） 58、electrical officer 电机员 59、storekeeper 物料管理员
60、donkeyman 辅机操作员；副司炉 61、pumpman 泵工
62、fireman（stroker） 司炉 63、greaser （oiler） 加油工 64、Chief Steward 事务长 65、Second Steward 二管事 66、Ship’s Cook 大厨
key sentences
There are about 12 crew members in the Deck Department. They are 3 officers, a bosun, a carpenter and a number of sailors.
甲板部大约有12名船员。他们是3名驾驶员，一名水手长，一名木匠和一些水手。
The captain is an experienced navigator. He usually works out the best course.
船长是名经验丰富的航海员。他通常会制定出最佳的航海路线。
work out 制定出；计算出
The Second Officer also looks after all the equipment used for navigation.
二副也负责所有用于航行的仪器。
look after 负责；照看
The bosun has a lot of knowledge and practical experience in seamanship. He is in charge of the sailor’s work.
水手长有丰富的船艺知识和实践经验。他负责水手的工作。
in charge of 负责
The carpenter is directly responsible to the Chief Officer. He sounds the tanks and bilges every day. He also operates the windlass when lowering and raising the anchors.
木匠直接对大副负责。他每天要测量油水舱和底舱的深度。当起锚和抛锚时还要操作锚机。 sound 测深
bilge 底舱 windlass 锚机 raise 升高 lower 降低
1、The carpenter and the bosun also belong to the .
A. deck department B. service department C. engine department D. department
2、 is in charge of the life-saving equipment.
A. The bosun B. The third officer C. The second officer D. The chief officer
3、The chief officer is in charge of the .
A. departments B. service department C. engine department D. deck department
4、It’s the job of to look after all the equipment used for navigation.
A. the chief officer B. the second officer C. the third officer D. the captain
5、The captain is an experienced .
A. navigating B. navigation C. navigator D. navigability
6、The carpenter’s most important regular job is .
A. to operate the windlass B. to sound the tanks and bilges C. to work with wood D. to make the furniture
7、 The captain is the ship.
A. in overall command of B. in charge of
C. responsible for D. all of the above
8、The carpenter is directly responsible to .
A. the captain B. the bosun C. the third officer D. the chief officer
LESSON 3
Ship structure 船舶结构
In general, a vessel is made up of two parts: the hull and the superstructure.
一般来说，船舶由两部分组成：船体和上层建筑。
in general 一般来说，总的来说 be made up of 由……组成
The hull is made up of frame covered with plating.
船体是由覆盖着钢板的框架组成。
covered with 覆盖 过去分词做定语
The hull is divided up into a number of watertight compartments by decks and bulkheads.
船体由甲板和隔舱壁分隔成许多的水密舱。 Bulkhead 隔舱壁
Bulkhead are vertical steel walls going across
the ship and along.
隔舱壁是横穿过船体的垂直钢板墙。
go across 横穿
At fore end of the hull are the fore peak tanks and at the after end are the after peak tanks.
在船体的前端是首尖舱，在后端是尾尖舱。
fore end 最前端 after end 最后端
They are used for fresh water and water ballast.
它们用来装淡水和压载水。
be used for 被用来做……
water ballast = ballast water 压载水
The space between the holds and the bottom of the hull contains double bottom tank.
货舱和船底中间的空间是双层底舱。
double bottom tank 双层底舱
The superstructure includes forecastle, bridge and poop.
上层建筑包括首楼、驾驶台和尾楼。
An ordinary cargo ship usually has five holds. They are numbered from forward to aft.
一艘普通的货船通常有五个货舱。它们从前往后进行编号。
number v. 编号
The deck below the main deck are known as tween deck.
主甲板之下的甲板称为二层甲板。
A short raised deck above the main deck at the bow is the forecastle deck. The poop deck is at the stern.
船头主甲板上面凸出的一小块甲板叫首楼甲板。尾楼甲板位于船尾。
When standing on a ship and facing the bow, the left-hand side is called the port side, and the right-hand side is called the starboard side.
当站在船上面向船首时，左手一侧称为左舷，右手一侧称为右舷。
The port side aft part of a vessel is called the port quarter, and the aft part on the starboard side is called the starboard quarter.
船的左后部分称为左胯，右后部分称为右胯。
The forward part of the vessel on the port side is called the port bow and on the starboard side the starboard bow.
船的左前部称为左船首，右前部称为右船首。
The height from water level to the top of weather deck is called freeboard.
水线到露天甲板顶部的高度叫做干舷。
water level = waterline 水线
The depth from waterline to the vessel’s bottom is called draft.
水线到船底的深度称为吃水。
fore draft 前吃水 aft draft 后吃水
Additional phrases
1、crew’s cabin [‘kæbin] 船员房间 2、 wheel house [wi:l] 操舵室 3、laundry room [‘lɔ:ndri] 洗衣房 4、refrigerator room [ri‘fridʒəreitə] 冷藏间 5、 galley [‘ɡæli] 厨房 6、 store room [stɔ:] 物料间
7、 chain locker [tʃein] [‘lɔkə] 锚链舱 8、 paint locker [peint] 油漆间 9、bath room [bɑ:θ] 浴室
10、ballast water tank [‘bæləst] 压载水舱 11、bunker tank [bʌŋk] 燃料舱
12、daily supply tank [‘deili] [sə‘plai]日用柜
13、accommodation [ə,kɔmə‘deiʃən] deck 起居甲板 14、boat deck 艇甲板
15、embarkation [,embɑ:‘keiʃən] deck 登艇甲板
16、upper deck 上甲板 17、lower deck 下甲板
1、The forward part of the vessel on port side is called .
A. the port side B. the port quarter C. the port bow D. the port side aft
2、The superstructure is .
A. below the main deck B. on the bridge
C. above the main deck D. above the bridge
3、Watertight compartments are separated by .
A. engine rooms B. tweendecks C. dunnages D. decks and bulkheads
4、A modern general cargo ship has her engine room and bridge .
A. amidships B. forward C. aft
D. anywhere on board
5、 A short raised deck above the main deck at the bow is called .
A. the fore deck B. the weather deck
C. the superstructure D. the forecastle deck
6、 When standing on a ship and facing the bow, the left-hand side is called .
A. the left side B. the port side C. the starboard side D. the right side
6、 The hull is the ship’s body.
A. main
B. outer C. upper D. inner
7、Double bottom tanks are in the space between the and the bottom of the hull.
A. tanks B. holds C. cabins D. tweendecks
8、Freeboard is the height from to the top of weather deck.
A. water level B. bottom level C. deck level D. boat deck level
LESSON 4
Navigational aids 航海仪器 New words and expressions 1、aids [eidz] n. 帮助；援助 navigational aids 助航仪器
aids to navigation 助航仪器
2、berth [bə:θ] n. (船舶的)停泊位或锚位 3、arrival [ə‘raivəl] n. 到达, 抵达 4、constantly [‘kɔnstəntli] adv. 经常地 5、plot [plɔt] vt.绘制; 标出 6、chart [tʃɑ:t] n. 图表 航海图
7、accurate [‘ækjurit] adj. 精确的, 准确的 8、sextant [‘sikstænt] n. 六分仪 9、radar [‘reidə] n. 雷达
10、observe [əb‘zə:v] vt. & vi. 观察; 研究 observation [,ɔbzə:‘veiʃən] n. 注意; 观察
take observation of 观测，观察 11、binoculars [bai‘nɔkjuləz] n. 双筒望远镜 12、distant [‘distənt] adj. 远隔的, 遥远的 13、object [‘ɔbdʒikt] n. 物体；目标 14、frequency [‘fri:kwənsi] n. 频率
15、communication [kə,mju:ni‘keiʃən] n. 通讯 communicate with 与……联络 16、steer [stiə] vt. & vi. 驾驶, 掌舵 steer the wheel 操舵
17、gear [ɡiə] n.齿轮; 传动装置;
18、quartemaster [‘kwɔ:tə‘mɑ:stə] n. 舵工 19、mode [məud] n. 方式, 样式；模式 20、automatic [,ɔ:tə‘mætik] adj. 自动的 automatic mode 自动模式 21、manual [‘mænjuəl] adj. 用手的 manual mode 手动模式
22、vice versa [‘vaisi‘və:sə] adv. 反之亦然 23、compass [‘kʌmpəs] n. 罗盘, 指南针 24、magnetic [mæɡ‘netik]adj. 有磁性的 magnetic compass 磁罗经 25、gyro [‘dʒaiərə] adj. 回转的 gyro compass 陀螺罗经
26、attraction [ə‘trækʃən] n. 吸引, 吸引力 27、electricity [ilek‘trisiti] n. 电, 电流 28、value [‘vælju] n. 价值, 价格 29、visibility [,vizi‘biliti] n. 能见度
30、telegraph [‘teliɡrɑ:f] n. 车钟；电报 telegraph order 车钟令 31、signal [‘siɡnəl] n. 信号, 暗号 32、seabed [‘si:bed] n. 海底 33、measure [‘meʒə] vt. & vi. 测量 measure up to 符合，满足 34、method [‘meθəd] n. 方法, 办法 35、obtain [əb‘tein] vt. 获得, 得到; 买到 36、wheel [wi:l] n. 舵轮
37、marine [mə‘ri:n] adj.海事的, 海运的 38、instrument [‘instrumənt] n. 器具, 仪器 39、repeater [ri‘pi:tə] n. 分罗经；复示器 40、wing [wiŋ] n. 桥翼
41、bearing [‘bɛəriŋ] n. 方位
42、celestial [sə‘lestʃəl] adj. 天的, 天空的
celestial body 天体
43、establish [is‘tæbliʃ] vt. 建立, 成立 establish oneself in 定居于 44、cadet [kə‘det] n. 实习生 45、panel [‘pænəl] n. 控制面板
46、receive [ri‘si:v] vt. & vi. 收到, 接到 47、meter [‘mi:tə] n.计, 表, 仪表 48、relate [ri‘leit] vt. & vi. 联系；涉及 relate to 与……有关
49、useful [‘ju:sful] adj. 有用的, 有益的 50、guard [ɡɑ:d] vt. & vi. 保护; 控制 guard against 保护，防止
51、collision [kə‘liʒən] n. 碰撞, 冲突, 抵触 in collision with （collide with）
与……相仪 撞
52、rely [ri‘lai] vi. 信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠 rely on/upon 依靠，依赖；信任 53、solely [səuli] adv. 单独地；仅仅
54、information [,infə‘meiʃən]n. 消息; 资料 55、confirm [kən‘fə:m] vt. 证实, 证明; 肯定
56、naked [‘neikid] adj. 裸露的
57、understand [,ʌndə‘stænd] v. 懂; 理解 58、equip [i‘kwip] vt. 装备, 配备 be equipped with 配备有…… 59、electronic [ilek‘trɔnik] adj. 电子的 60、system [‘sistəm] n. 系统; 体系 61、telescope [’teliskəup] 望远镜 62、revolution indicator 转速表 [,revə‘lu:ʃən] [‘indikeitə] 63、chronometer [krə‘nɔmitə] 天文钟 64、course recorder [ri‘kɔ:də] 航向记录器 65、barometer [bə‘rɔmitə] 气压计 66、thermometer [θə‘mɔmitə] 温度计 67、weather facsimile receiver
[fæk‘simili] 气象传真接收机
68、NAVTEX receiver 航行警告电传接收机（Navigational telex）
69、Decca [dekə] navigator台卡导航仪 70、Loran [ləuræn] navigator罗兰导航仪 71、Omega [‘əumiɡə] navigator奥米加导航仪 72、Satellite [‘sætəlait] navigator 卫星导航
It’s the deck officers’ job to take the ship safely from place to place as quickly and economically as possible.
驾驶员的职责是尽可能经济迅速地驾驶船舶安全的来往于两地之间。
as…as possible 尽可能……
类似的还有： as soon as possible 尽快
The officers take observations of the sun, moon and stars with a sextant.
驾驶员用六分仪观测太阳、月亮和星星。
Binoculars are the important tool used for observing distant objects.
望远镜是用于观察远距离物体的重要工具。
A VHF set is very much like an ordinary telephone. But it works on very high frequency.
It
makes
ship-to-ship
communications.
甚高频设备就像一部普通电话。但它在高频率的基础上工作。用于船间通讯。
VHF = very high frequency 甚高频
ship-to-ship 船与船之间
In the middle of the bridge is a steering gear. The quartermaster often works at it. The steering mode can be changed from automatic to manual or vice versa.
驾驶台的中间是操舵装置。经常由舵工操作。操作模式可以从自动舵变为手动舵，反之亦然。 steering gear 操舵装置
work at 从事，工作 steering mode 操舵模式
The magnetic compass works by magnetic attraction and it points to the magnetic north.
磁罗经由磁力驱动指向磁北。
magnetic attraction 磁力
point to 指向 magnetic north 磁北
The gryocompass is driven by electricity and it points to true north.
陀螺罗经由电驱动，指向真北。
drive 驱动 true north 真北
Radar is of great value to ships in poor visibility and helps the ship navigate near land.
雷达在对船舶在能见度较差时航行有很大的价值，它能帮助船舶近岸航行。
be+of … 表示事物本身所具有的属性
poor visibility 能见度差 good visibility 能见度好
There is a telegraph on either side of the bridge. The engine orders are passed from the bridge to the engine room by the telegraph.
驾驶台两侧各有一个车钟。车钟令通过车钟由驾驶台传送到机舱。
on either side of 在每一边
engine order 车钟令
engine room 机舱 （machinery space）
The echo sounder sends a radio signal from the bottom of the ship to the seabed. It is used to measure the depth of water under the water.
回声测深仪从船底发射无线电信号到海底。它用来测量船下的水深。
the radio signal 无线电信号 be used to do 用来做……
注意：无生命物体一般用of 结构来表示，如：the bottom of the ship；the depth of water
One of the most common methods of checking a vessel’s position is by using the radio direction finder.
检测船舶位置的最普通的方法就是使用无线电测向仪。
Radio direction finder = RDF 无线电测向仪
Ship’s position can be obtained automatically by means of the GPS navigator at any time.
船舶的位置在任何时间都可以通过全球定位导航仪自动获得。
GPS= global positioning system 全球定位系统
by means of 通过……方法，借助 at any time 在任何时候
1、The officers take observation of the celestial bodies with .
A. the sextant
B. binoculars C. loran
D. radio direction finder
2、 The most modern ships are navigated by .
A. Decca B. Loran C. Satellite D. Omega
3、There are two satellite navigators on board. One is for operation, is in reserve.
A. the another B. the others C. the other D. others
4、 can help ships navigate in poor visibility or near land.
A. Radar B. Loran C. The compass D. Telescope
5、The is of great value to ships in poor visibility.
A. VHF set B. radar C. steering gear D. compass
6、 The engine orders are passed from the bridge to the engine room by .
A. telephone B. VHF C. GPS set D. telegraph
7、 The is driven by electricity and it points to true north.
A. radar B. gyro compass C. Magnetic compass D. sextant
8、Radar makes it possible for us to in dense fog.
A. work B. look C. sail D. communicate
Lesson 28
Derusting and Painting Work
1、fittings [‘fitiŋs] n. 配件，附件 2、protect [prə‘tekt] v. 保护 protection [prə‘tekʃən] n. 保护 3、effect [i‘fekt] n. 影响，作用 have effect in 生效
have effect on 对……有影响
4、salt [sɔ:lt] n. 盐, 食盐 salt water 海水
5、temperature[‘tempəritʃə]n. 温度, 气温 6、action [‘ækʃən] n. 行动, 活动
7、wave [weiv] n. 波, 波浪, 波涛 8、corrosion [kə‘rəuʒən] n. 腐蚀
corrosive [kə‘rəusiv] adj. 腐蚀性的 9、coat [kəut] n. 涂层 v. 涂漆 coat sth. with +涂料
10、cement [si‘ment] n. 水泥 wash [wɔʃ] 11、bitumen [‘bitjumin] n. 沥青, 柏油 12、available [ə‘veiləbl] adj. 可用的 13、primer [‘praimə] n. 底漆; 打底剂 14、top [tɔp] n. 顶, 顶部
15、heat-resistant[hi:t-ri‘zistənt]adj.耐热的 16、non-slip [nʌn-slip] adj. 防滑的 17、varnish [‘vɑ:niʃ] n. 清漆
18、boottopping [‘bu:t‘tɔpiŋ] n. 水线带 19、anti-fouling [,ænti‘fauliŋ] adj. 防污的 20、locker [‘lɔkə] n. 寄物柜
21、situated [’sitjueitid] adj. 位于……的 22、preparation[,prepə‘reiʃən]n.准备, 预备 23、solution [sə‘lu:ʃən] n. 解决, 解答 24、dirt [də:t] n. 污垢, 灰尘 25、scale [skeil] n. 水垢, 水锈 26、scrape [skreip] vt. & vi. 刮, 擦 27、chip [tʃip] v. 敲，切
28、bare [bɛə] metal [‘metl] 金属（出白） 29、mixture [‘mikstʃə] n. 混合物 30、hard-wearing [hɑ:d-wɛəriŋ]adj. 耐磨的 31、require [ri‘kwaiə] vt. 有赖于…; 需要 32、red lead [li:d] paint 红丹漆 33、evenly [‘i:vənli] adv. 均匀地 34、distribute [dis‘tribju:t] vt. 分配, 分给
35、thinner [‘θinə] n. (油漆的)稀释剂 36、gloomy [‘ɡlu:mi] adj. 黑暗的, 阴暗的 37、damp [dæmp] adj. 潮湿的
38、suitable [‘sju:təbl] adj. 适当的, 适宜的 39、safety harness [‘hɑ:nis] n. 安全带 40、aloft [ə‘lɔft] adj. 高处的 41、praise [preiz] vt. 称赞, 赞赏 42、woodwork [‘wudwək] n. 木制品 43、rail [reil] n. 栏杆
44、satisfy [‘sætisfai] vt. & vi. 使满意; 满足
45、uneven [‘ʌn‘i:vən] adj. 不均匀的 46、spot [spɔt] n. 地点，部位 47、soak [səuk] vt. & vi. 浸, 泡 48、waste [weist] n. 浪费; 滥用 49、wipe [waip] vt. & vi. 擦, 拭, 抹
Explanation of the Text
Much of the work of the Deck Department on board a ship concerns the maintenance of the ship and her fittings. 船上甲板部门的很多工作都与船舶及其设备的维修保养有关
To prevent corrosion, the metal of a ship is coated with cement wash, bitumen and paint. 为了防止腐蚀，船舶表面的金属会涂上水泥涂料、沥青和油漆。
to 表示目的
There are many types of paint in different colors available at present. 目前有许多不同颜色的油
漆。 in 表示状态 at present 目前，现今
Paints are stowed in the paint locker, which is usually situated under the forecastle deck. 油漆放在位于首楼甲板下方的油漆间内。
which 引导非限制性定语从句
Before an area can be repainted, the sailors should make some proper preparations.在重新油漆一区域之前，水手要做好准备。
make preparation 做准备
The area must be cleaned and washed with a cleaning solution to remove all salt, dirt and oil. 油漆区域必须用清洁剂清洁和清洗以去除所有的海盐、污物和油污。
Translation of the Key Sentences
1、水泥涂料是水泥粉末和淡水的混合物。它用于淡水舱和双层底舱内。 2、沥青用于船底和尖舱。
3、底漆用于出白金属表面，防止其生锈。
be applied to 应用于…… give protection against 防止，保护
4、内层漆在刷面漆前刷在底漆上。
5、面漆能使表面经久耐磨，并能涂上所需的颜色。 6、油漆事，船体表面被分成三个区域：干舷、水线和底舷。
7、锈蚀钢板应刮净出白。
8、不要用敲锈锤使劲敲钢板。
9、出于安全考虑，在敲锈和刮锈时要戴上护目镜。 10、首楼甲板涂上两度红丹底漆和干舷漆。 11、油漆应该涂均匀。
12、油漆有点厚了，请放点稀释剂。 13、阴暗、潮湿和阴雨天气不适合油漆。
be suitable for 适合于……
14、当在高处和舷外工作时要系上安全带。
Lesson 29
Cleaning and Repairing Work
1、sliding [‘slaidiŋ] adj. 滑行的 2、bulwark [‘bulwək] n. 舷墙 3、annual [‘ænjuəl] adj. 每年的, 年度的 4、dock [dɔk] n. 码头 5、hose [həuz，hɔz] n. 水龙带 6、sweepings [‘swi:piŋs] n. 扫舱货 7、dunnage [‘dʌnidʒ] n. 垫料 8、collect [kə‘lekt] vt. 收集, 采集 9、dispose [dis‘pəuz]vt. & vi. 处理; 处置 10、tidy [‘taidi] adj. 整洁的, 整齐的 11、hawser [‘hɔ:zə] n. 大缆 12、reel [ri:l] n. 卷轴，卷轴 13、block [blɔk] n. 滑车 14、guide [ɡaid] vt. 引路; 指导 15、inspect [in‘spekt] vt. 检查, 检验 16、percent [pə‘sent] n. 百分比 17、renew [ri‘nju:] v. (使)更新
18、tarpaulin [tɑ:’pɔ:lin] n. 防水帆布 19、belt [belt] n. 腰带, 带子
20、test [test] n. 测试；测验 21、alarm [ə‘lɑ:m] n. 警报 fire alarm 火警
22、heel [hi:l] n. 桅脚，后跟 23、refit [ri‘fit] v. 重装，改装
The sailor keeping gangway watch should clean the 7、吊杆上的所有活动部件例如吊货滑车、导轮、鹅颈头都必须拆卸、检查、清洁和润滑。
8、吊货钢丝有10%以上的断丝，请更新。broken wire 断丝
9、货舱的防水油布上有个大洞，请尽快补好。mend up 缝补
10、引航员梯的一个踏板损坏了，请修理。 gangway, rails, bulwark and the space around the gangway.
值舷梯班的水手要清洁舷梯、扶手、舷墙和舷梯周围。 Everything on board should be kept clean and tidy.
船上的所有物品都必须保持整洁。
1、进离港之前，船舶必须进行彻底清洁。甲板、上层建筑、扶手应该用淡水冲洗。
2、货舱必须清洗以便再次装货。货舱内的扫舱货和破损的垫料必须清除。
3、彻底清洁前后甲板准备出海。垃圾应收集到尾楼甲板，并在离岸25海里外处理掉。
clean up 彻底清洁 off 距离
4、收拾储藏室，将大缆放进储藏室。
tidy up 收拾，整理
5、所有吊货钢丝都必须用钢丝刷刷洗，并涂上油脂。 wirebrush 用钢丝刷刷洗
6、钢丝绳每一或两个月要涂上油脂。当不用时必须保存在绳车上。
every month or two 每一或两个月 in use 使用
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